HISTORY OF RENALA KHURD

Renala Khurd is a growing city of Okara District in the north east of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is the headquarters of Renala Khurd Tehsil - an administrative subdivision of the district. Its approximate height above sea level is about 570 feet (173 m). It is located at 30°52'60N 73°35'60E[2] and is about 117 km from Lahore and 10 km from the district capital Okara city towards south-west of Lahore on national highway (GT Road) and on Lahore Karachi main railway line. Eastern time zone of Renala Khurd is UTC+5+6DT.
History
Renala Khurd city was established in 1914. Before that time, Mughal king Akbar along with his son Saleem and the royal entourage stayed in Dipalpur and passed through this region to pay homage to saint Hazrat Farid Ganj Shakar in 1578. Akbar named the corridor as 'Bari Doab' by combining the syllables of the names of two rivers, Beas and Ravi, that bounded the belt.
Previously in this region there were acres of barren and unirrigated land with trees of malah, and it was formerly known as Malah Walah. A part of Renala Khurd is naturally deprived of the underground sweet water. People in this region rely on canals as the main source of irrigation, as tube-wells, unlike other parts of the district, only pour out salty water which spoils the land. Traces are also found of a long range of ruins, called dhaya in local language, which, according to popular myth, are the remains of some unknown ancient city which may have been engulfed by the river Biyas. These ruins give a mysterious look - something like a blend of desert and tiny hills, and also serve as the hideout for thieves and robbers.
In 1849, the British occupied this area. The British Indian army built Canal Loar-Bari-Doo-Aab and colonies with the help of imported migrant labour employed to clear and develop the forest and scrub land. In the the era of the British Raj, brilliant irrigation network of canals were established all over the Punjab and extending into Sindh.
After the 1947 partition, the Pakistan Army took control of the major portion of irrigated land left by the army of the British Raj on which it established its own farms and maintaining the tenants. One of the largest of these farms is that in Okara, spread over 17,000 acres (69 km²) of prime land.
The peasant migrants were promised ownership once it was rendered arable, but as it turned out to be the most fertile and rich of the provinces; the army reconsidered, retained ownership of the land and settled the migrants as tenants. In 1913, Renala Khurd Stud State Farm leased out 5,000 acres (20 km²) of land to the Punjab government to cater to the needs of the army for horses, fodder and dairy products, and the tenancy agreements continued. Renala Khurd is famous for its horses, and horses from Renala Khurd Stud State Farm have won international derby races many times.
Administration
The city of Renala Khurd serves as the headquarters of Renala Khurd Tehsil, the city of Renala Khurd itself is administratively subdivided into two Union Councils.
Climate
Most areas in Renala Khurd experience fairly cool winters, often accompanied by rain. By mid-February the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in.
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Renala Khurd by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat.[citation needed] In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.
Demographics
Renala Khurd, encompassing a radius of 7 km, is home to 72,724 people[2]. The population of Renala Khurd is over 99% Muslim with a Sunni majority and Shia minority; there are also small non-Muslims groups of Christians, Hindus and Sikhs. Because of its strategic location in the Indian sub-continent, wave after wave of migrants poured into the area and settled on its fertile lands and today, although originally belonging to the Aryan stock, the people of Renala Khurd are descendants of the Iranians, Turks, Afghans and Arabs who came individually or in groups.
The major language spoken in the Renala Khurd is Punjabi (which is written in Perso-Arabic script, known as Shahmukhi in Pakistan) and Punjabis make up the largest ethnic group (overlap into neighbouring India). Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes and communities, although caste in Renala Khurd has more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications.
The most important tribes within Renala Khurd include Rajputs, Jats, the Arain, Gujjars and Gakhars. Smaller tribes include the Awans, Rawns, Kamboh and Maliks. In addition, there is a significant shift towards the usage of Urdu by the educated classes of the province.
The Punjabi dialects spoken in this region of the land have a common vocabulary and a shared heritage. The shared heritage also extends to a common faith, Islam. The people of Renala Khurd have also a shared spiritual experience, which has been disseminated by Tassawwaf and can be witnessed on the occasion of the Urs (remembrance fairs) held for the Sufi Saints Syed Abul Hassan Bin Usman Bin Ali Al-Hajweri (also known as Data Ganj Bukhsh) at Lahore, Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, Shaikh Farid Shakar Ganj at Pakpattan, Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, Shah Hussain at Lahore, Hazrat Bulleh Shah at Kasur and Hazrat Imam Bari (Bari Shah Latif) at Rawalpindi-Islamabad.
Amenities
Renala Khurd is accessible through the historic Grand Trunk Road. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation for commuters in Renala Khurd. The railway connects the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer to Renala Khurd for business, sight seeing and education. The Renala Khurd Railway Station is located in the east side of the city, which was built during the British Colonial era. There are three railway gates in Renala Khurd. The city also contains a post office and two police stations (City Police Station and Sadar Police Station).
Commercial institutions
Ghala Mandi (Grain Market)
Ghala Mandi (Grain Market) Renala Khurd was established in 1914. Renala Khurd is important Tehsil of Okara. It has a popular Ghala Mandi (Grain Market) of Punajab which is Aktrabad Ghala Mandi (Grain Market).
Mitchell's Fruit Farms Ltd.
Mitchell's Fruit Farms Ltd. is the oldest food company in Pakistan. It was established in 1933 by Francis J. Mitchell under the name of Indian Mildura Fruit Farms Ltd. After the country gained independence in 1947, the company's name was changed to "MITCHELL'S Fruit Farms Ltd." with the brand name of "MITCHELL'S". Mitchell's is the only major food company in Pakistan today with fully integrated operations having its own growing and processing facilities in Renala Khurd.
Renala State Military Farm
The Renala State Military Farm was formerly known as Glaxo. A quarter of a century ago, Glaxo was a small British firm with its origins in the dried-milk, cream and butter business and most of its sales in antibiotics, respiratory drugs and nutritional supplements, which is now called Military Farms. It supplies milk packs for the entire Pakistan Army. Renala State Military Farms milk factory is located in Sathghara.
Renala Hydral Power Station
Renala Hydral Power Station is one of most popular hydral stations of Pakistan and it is situated on Canal Loar-Bari-Doo-Aab. Sir Ganga Ram (1851-1927), a civil engineer and leading philanthropist of his time, established Renala Hydral Power Station in 1925. In 1873, after a brief Service in Punjab P.W.D, he devoted himself to practical farming. He obtained on lease from the government 50,000 acres (200 km²) of barren, unirrigated land in Montgomery District, and within three years converted that vast desert into smiling fields, irrigated by water lifted by a hydroelectric plant and running through a thousand miles of irrigation channels, all constructed at his own cost. This was the biggest private enterprise of the kind, unknown and unthought of in the country before. Sir Ganga Ram earned millions, most of which he gave to charity. In the words of Sir Malcolm Hailey, the Governor of Punjab at the time, "he won like a hero and gave like a Saint".
Educational institutions
" Convent Girls High School
" Government Millat High School for Boys
" Government Model high School for Boys
" Government Higher Secondary School for Boys
" Government Degree College for Women
" Government Degree College for Boys
Private institutions
" Ahsan Cadet Public High School
" Ravians High School
" Gramer High School
" Royal Institution
" Rehman Public School
" Kahnor Education House
" Star Cedit Public school
" Al-Rehmat Public School 33/1-AL
" Sunrise acadmy of Science rao Bilal Javed
Religious institutions
Catholic Church Lady of Fatima Parish House
The Catholic Church (Lady of Fatima Parish House Renala Khurd) is situated at the Mitchell's fruit farms. There is a nun's convent within the church compound. A boys school, a girls school and a hostel for boys is inside the compound.
This church made international news, when Reverend Father George Ibrahim (aged 38) was martyred; he was a serving parish priest. On the early hours of 5th July 2003, at about 2:00 a.m., the parish priest of the Catholic Church at the Mitchell's Fruit Farms, and his chef Pervaiz Masih were lying in the patio after returning from the DHQ (District Head Quarters) Hospital in Okara around midnight. He had visited the hospital to inquire about Father Isaac's health. Half a dozen assailants entered his house and killed him on resisting.
Shrines
Darbar Samadia Salamia(Hzrat Khwaja Abdus Samad).
Hazrat manzoor-ul-moshikh Sufi Manzoor Ahmad Sabri(SALLAMULLAH) a great saint,was a famous personality of renala khurd his shrine is situated in okara which is known as DARGHA SABRIEN.
sir abdul rehamn, a great intilectual personality also belongs to renala khurd. he guides the the people
Gurudwara Ajeet Sar, Okara
This sacred shrine is in village 11/1-L situated on Renala Khurd-Dipalpur Road. Its bus stop is the bridge for Chak No 10/1-L on the canal. The shrine can be reached by walking 3 km along the canal towards the west of the bridge. Refugees from Amritsar are settled in the buildings of the gurdwara. The school now goes by the name of Government High School Ajeet Sar near Chak No 11/1-L was once a part of this Gurdwara.The Gurudwara is only 1 km away from Chak No. 11/1-L
Tehsil settlements
There are more than five towns and more than 150 villages in Tehsil Renala Khurd.
Renala Kalan is located 1.9 km away at the western edge of Renala Khurd. Hargobindpur (0.8 km) and Raunaqabad (1.0 km) are located on the north side of Renala Khurd. On the eastern edge of Renala Khurd is Chak Twenty A Two L (0.6 km). At the south end of Renala Khurd are Chak Twenty-One-Two L (1.7 km), Kot Walia (1.2 km) and Chak Twenty-One L (0.9 km).
" Okara (16 km away)
" Sherghar (15 km)
" Akhtrabad
" Chuchaq
" Chak No 4/1RA (2½ mi on Chuchaq road)
" Sathghara (8.5 km)
" Bama Bala
" Dipalpur (15.5 km)
" Dars Dhulyana (7 km)